Nonetheless, most of the remaining Zipser Germans in Romania live in Maramureș, northern Transylvania. To this day, sparse Zipser German communities still reside in southern Bukovina and northern Transylvania. Some notable localities in southern Bukovina (contemporary Suceava County) previously inhabited by a significant number of Zipser Germans include Iacobeni ( German: Jakobeny), Cârlibaba ( German: Mariensee/Ludwigsdorf), and Fundu Moldovei ( German: Louisenthal). A community of speakers remains in the Zips town of Chmeľnica ( German: Hopgarten) (their distinctive dialect is called 'Outzäpsersch', German: Altzipserisch, literally German: Old Zipserish), and others remain in Romania where they and other German-speaking groups are currently represented by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR). Spišská Nová Ves ( German: Zipser Neuendorf) in the Košice region, a town which was previously inhabited by a sizable Zipser German population during the 19th and early 20th centuries.ĭuring and after World War II, most Zipsers evacuated or were expelled to West Germany. They eventually became collectively known as Zipser Germans given that they helped develop Szepes County.Īs in the case of the Transylvanian Saxons in Transylvania (another Central-Eastern European historical region which previously belonged to the medieval Kingdom of Hungary), the Zipser Germans founded imposing castles and fortified settlements.Ģ0th century and contemporary history In the passing of time, as in the case of other local communities in Central-Eastern Europe colonized with ethnic Germans during the Middle Ages, these newly arrived German settlers became the dominant class and the majority ethnic group in the towns and villages they had founded. In the particular case of present-day Slovakia, these German settlers stemmed from central-western present-day Germany as well as from neighbouring Luxembourg. As in the cases of other historical regions from Central and Eastern Europe, this migration of German settlers at the invitation of local kings (known as Ostsiedlung in German historiography) from Central-Eastern Europe had the main goal to enrich the local medieval communities with more trade and urbanization. German settlers (closely related to the Transylvanian Saxons) were invited to settle in present-day Slovakia, then the soon to become Szepes County ( German: Komitat Zips) of Upper Hungary in the Kingdom of Hungary, beginning in the 13th century. Spišská Kapitula ( German: Zipser Kapitel) and Spiš Castle ( German: Zipser Burg), as seen in winter.
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